Overview of material impacts, risks and opportunities

The Lufthansa Group faces climate-related risks from both physical and transition effects of climate change. Physical risks include extreme weather events that could disrupt airport infrastructure and runways, leading to flight cancellations and diversions, resulting in additional costs and lost productivity. Climate change can also bring regulatory and market risks. Political and regulatory climate change mitigation measures in aviation, such as a carbon tax, may require the Company to adjust its operational processes, which could lead to increased costs. At the same time, reducing carbon emissions is a core focus for the Lufthansa Group and can support its climate goals while enhancing brand value. For example, fleet and ground vehicle modernisation, the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), and the implementation of AeroSHARK technology can help improve resource efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. A complete overview of the Lufthansa Group’s material impacts, risks and opportunities can be found under ESRS 2 General disclosures – Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model.